开发成本

概要

在区块链系统中，基于任何一条公链系统开发智能合约都涉及资源支出的开发成本。例如，在网络上部署/调用智能合约，质押/委托等操作都需要花费一定的成本，不同的区块链网络开发成本不一样，在 Alaya 网络中运行着两种虚拟机 EVM 和 WASM，在不同虚拟机上上开发智能合约的成本也是不一样的。本手册将重点介绍使用 WASN 虚拟机涉及到的成本使用，本文将用表格的形式对比小型合约、中型合约和大型合约的不同开发成本，同时将 Alaya 的 EVM/WASM虚拟机和以太坊虚拟机之间进行对比。在合约方面，使用一个简单的SET/GET功能的合约作为小型测试合约，中型合约示例将使用一个开源的微博客合约，而大型合约则是一个符合 ERC20 标准的智能合约。

资源消耗

简单 set/get 合约

系统	合约级别	合约大小	消耗 Gas	Gas 单价	能量损耗	备注
Alaya-EVM	小型合约	0.3 kb	76953	5,000,000,000 VON	384765 gVON	0.000384765 ATP
Ethereum	小型合约	0.3 kb	127173	5,000,000,000 wei	635865 Gwei	0.000635865 ETH
Alaya-WASM	小型合约	13.55 kb	184043	5,000,000,000 VON	920215 gVON	0.000920215 ATP

微博客

系统	合约级别	合约大小	消耗 Gas	Gas 单价	能量损耗	备注
Alaya-EVM	中型合约	2.08 kb	257065	5,000,000,000 VON	1285325 gVON	0.001285325 ATP
Ethereum	中型合约	2.08 kb	621385	5,000,000,000 wei	3106925 Gwei	0.003106925 ETH
Alaya-WASM	中型合约	30.07 kb	349713	5,000,000,000 VON	1748565 gVON	0.001748565 ATP

ERC20 标准 Token

系统	合约级别	合约大小	消耗 Gas	Gas 单价	能量损耗	备注
Alaya-EVM	大型合约	4.45 kb	552823	5,000,000,000 VON	2764115 gVON	0.002764115 ATP
Ethereum	大型合约	4.45 kb	1282171	5,000,000,000 wei	6410855 Gwei	0.006410855 ETH
Alaya-WASM	大型合约	35.9 kb	486274	5,000,000,000 VON	2431370 gVON	0.00243137 ATP

小型合约示例

简单 set/get 合约

EVM 示例代码

pragma solidity ^0.4.12;
contract SimpleTest {
    uint public age;
    function setAge(uint _input) public {        age = _input;    }
    function getAge() public constant returns (uint) {        return age;    }}

字节码

608060405234801561001057600080fd5b50610117806100206000396000f3006080604052600436106053576000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff168063262a9dff146058578063967e6e65146080578063d5dcf1271460a8575b600080fd5b348015606357600080fd5b50606a60d2565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b348015608b57600080fd5b50609260d8565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b34801560b357600080fd5b5060d06004803603810190808035906020019092919050505060e1565b005b60005481565b60008054905090565b80600081905550505600a165627a7a7230582079e51340567895e1097e1c9115e778c3d982b8e71b6997c57f1ba497c56c8b3b0029

字节大小：311 byte => 0.3 kb

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WASM 示例代码

#include <platon/platon.hpp>#include <string>using namespace platon;
CONTRACT SimpleStorage: public platon::Contract{    public:        ACTION void init(){}
        ACTION void set(uint64_t input)        {            storedData.self() = input;        }
        CONST uint64_t get()        {            return storedData.self();        }
    private:        platon::StorageType<"sstored"_n, uint64_t> storedData;};
PLATON_DISPATCH(SimpleStorage,(init)(set)(get))

字节码

查看字节码

字节大小：13882 byte => 13.55 kb

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创建&部署合约成本

Alaya-EVM

• Gas 消耗: 76953
• Gas 单价: 5,000,000,000 (5 gVON)
• 总成本: 384765 gVON（0.000384765 ATP）

以太坊

• Gas 消耗: 127173
• Gas 单价: 5,000,000,000 (5 Gwei)
• 总成本: 635865 Gwei（0.000635865 ATP）

Alaya-WASM

• Gas 消耗: 184043
• Gas 单价: 5,000,000,000 (5 gVON)
• 总成本: 920215 gVON（0.000920215 ATP）

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中型合约示例

微博客合约

EVM 示例代码

点击查看微博客账户合约

字节码

查看字节码

字节大小： 2130.5 byte => 2.08 kb

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WASM 示例代码

#include <platon/platon.hpp>#include <string>using namespace platon;
// data structure of a single tweet.struct Tweet{
    public:        uint64_t timestamp;        std::string tweetString;
    public:        Tweet(){}        Tweet(uint64_t &timestamp, const std::string &tweet):timestamp(timestamp), tweetString(tweet) {        }
    public:        PLATON_SERIALIZE(Tweet, (timestamp)(tweetString))};
CONTRACT TweetAccount: public platon::Contract{    private:        // "array" of all tweets of this account: maps the tweet id to the actual tweet.        platon::StorageType<"smapping"_n, std::map<std::uint64_t, Tweet>> _tweets;        // total number of tweets in the above _tweets mapping.        platon::StorageType<"suint"_n, uint64_t> _numberOfTweets;        // "owner" of this account: only admin is allowed to tweet.        platon::StorageType<"saddress"_n, Address> _adminAddress;
    public:        ACTION void init()        {            _numberOfTweets.self() = 0;            _adminAddress.self() = platon::platon_caller();        }
        // returns true if caller of function("sender") is admin.        CONST bool isAdmin(){            return platon::platon_caller() == _adminAddress.self();        }
        // create new tweet        ACTION int64_t tweet(const std::string& tweetString) {            int64_t result = 0;            if(!isAdmin()){                // only owner is allowed to create tweets for this account.                result = -1;            } else if (tweetString.length() > 160) {                // tweet contains more than 160 bytes.                result = -2;            } else {                _tweets.self()[_numberOfTweets].timestamp = platon_timestamp();                _tweets.self()[_numberOfTweets].tweetString = tweetString;                _numberOfTweets.self() = _numberOfTweets.self() + 1;                result = 0; // success.            }            return result;        }
        CONST std::string getTweet(uint64_t tweetId){            // returns two values            std::string tweetString = _tweets.self()[tweetId].tweetString;            uint64_t timestamp = _tweets.self()[tweetId].timestamp;            return tweetString;        }
        CONST std::string getLatestTweet() {            // returns three values.            std::string tweetString = _tweets.self()[_numberOfTweets.self() - 1].tweetString;            uint64_t timestamp = _tweets.self()[_numberOfTweets.self() - 1].timestamp;            uint64_t numberOfTweets = _numberOfTweets.self();            return tweetString;        }
        CONST Address getOwnerAddress() {            return _adminAddress.self();        }
        CONST uint64_t getNumberOfTweets() {            return _numberOfTweets.self();        }
        ACTION void adminRetrieveDonations(const Address& receiver) {            if(isAdmin()){                Address caddr = platon_address();                Energon e = platon_balance(caddr);                platon_transfer(receiver, e);            }        }
        CONST Address caddr(){            return platon_address();        }
        CONST std::string caddrBalance(Address receiver){            //Address caddr = platon_address();            Energon e = platon_balance(receiver);            return std::to_string(e.Get());        }
        ACTION void adminDeleteAccount(){            if(isAdmin()){                // this is a predefined function, it deletes theh contract and returns all funds to the owner.                platon_destroy(_adminAddress.self());            }        }};
PLATON_DISPATCH(TweetAccount,(init)(isAdmin)(tweet)(getTweet)(getLatestTweet)(getOwnerAddress)(getNumberOfTweets)(adminRetrieveDonations)(adminDeleteAccount)(caddr)(caddrBalance))

字节码

查看字节码

字节大小： 30788 byte => 30.07 kb`

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创建&部署合约成本

Alaya-EVM

• Gas 消耗: 257065
• Gas 单价: 5,000,000,000 (5 gVON)
• 总成本: 1285325 gVON（0.001285325 ATP）

以太坊

• Gas 消耗: 621385
• Gas 单价: 5,000,000,000 (5 Gwei)
• 总成本: 3106925 Gwei（0.003106925 ETH）

Alaya-WASM

• Gas 消耗: 349713
• Gas 单价: 5,000,000,000 (5 gVON)
• 总成本: 1748565 gVON（0.001748565 ATP）

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大型合约示例

ERC20 标准 token 合约

EVM 示例代码

点击查看 ERC20 标准的智能合约

字节码

查看字节码

字节大小： 4557.5 byte => 4.45 kb

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WASM 示例代码

#include <platon/platon.hpp>#include <string>using namespace platon;
class Token {    public:        // total amount of tokens        platon::StorageType<"totalsupply"_n, uint64_t> totalSupply;
    public: // event        // define: _from, _to, _value        PLATON_EVENT2(Transfer, Address, Address, uint64_t);        // define: _owner, _spender, _value        PLATON_EVENT2(Approval, Address, Address, uint64_t);
    public:        // @param _owner The address from which the balance will be retrieved        // @return The balance.        virtual uint64_t balanceOf(Address _owner) = 0;
        // @notice send '_value' token to `_to` from `msg.sender`        // @param _to THe address of the recipient.        // @param _value The amount of token to be transferred.        // @return Whether the transfer was successful or not.        virtual bool transfer(Address _to, uint64_t _value) = 0;
        // @notice send `_value` token to `_to` from `_from` on the condition it is approved by `_from`        // @param _from The address of the sender.        // @param _to The address of the recepient.        // @param _value The amount of token to be transferred.        // @return Whether the transfer was successful or not.        virtual bool transferFrom(Address _from, Address _to, uint64_t _value) = 0;
        // @notice `msg.sender` approves `_spender` to spend `_value` tokens        // @param _spender The address of the account able to transfer the tokens        // @param _value The amount of tokens to be approved for transfer        // @return Whether thee approval was successful or not.        virtual bool approve(Address _spender, uint64_t _value) = 0;
        // @param _owner The address of the account owning tokens        // @param _spender The address of the account able to transfer the tokens        // @return Amount of remaining tokens allowed to spent.        virtual uint64_t allowance(Address _owner, Address _spender) = 0;};
// You should inherit from StandardTOken or, for a token like you would want// to deploy in something like MIst, see HumanStandardToken.cpp.// (This implements ONLY the standard functions and NOTHING else.// If you deploy this, you won't have anthing useful.)class StandardToken: public Token{    protected:        platon::StorageType<"balances"_n, std::map<Address, uint64_t>> balances;        platon::StorageType<"allowed"_n, std::map<Address, std::map<Address, uint64_t>>> allowed;
    public:        CONST uint64_t balanceOf(Address _owner) {            return balances.self()[_owner];        }
        ACTION bool transfer(Address _to, uint64_t _value){            // Default assumes totalSupply can't be over max(2^64 - 1)            // If your token leaves out totalSupply and can issue more tokens as time goes on,            // you need to check if it doesn't wrap.            // Replace the if with this on instead.            Address sender = platon_caller();            if (balances.self()[sender] >= _value && _value > 0) {                balances.self()[sender] -= _value;                balances.self()[_to] += _value;                PLATON_EMIT_EVENT2(Transfer, sender, _to, _value);                return true;            } else {                return false;            }        }
        ACTION bool transferFrom(Address _from, Address _to, uint64_t _value) {            // same as above. Replace this line with the following if you want to protect against            // wrapping uints.            Address sender = platon_caller();            if(balances.self()[_from] >= _value                && allowed.self()[_from][sender] >= _value && _value > 0){                balances.self()[_to] += _value;                balances.self()[_from] -= _value;                PLATON_EMIT_EVENT2(Transfer, _from, _to, _value);                return true;            } else {                return false;            }        }
        ACTION bool approve(Address _spender, uint64_t _value){            Address sender = platon_caller();            allowed.self()[sender][_spender] = _value;            PLATON_EMIT_EVENT2(Approval, sender, _spender, _value);            return true;        }
        CONST uint64_t allowance(Address _owner, Address _spender){            return allowed.self()[_owner][_spender];        }};

CONTRACT LATToken: public platon::Contract, public StandardToken{
    public:        platon::StorageType<"name"_n, std::string> name;        // fancy name: eg PlatON Token        platon::StorageType<"decimals"_n, uint8_t> decimals;    // HOw many decimals to show.        platon::StorageType<"symbol"_n, std::string> symbol;    // An identifier: eg LTT        platon::StorageType<"version"_n, std::string> version;  // 0.1 standard. Just an arbitrary versioning scheme.
    public:        ACTION void init(uint64_t _initialAmount, const std::string& _tokenName,            uint8_t _decimalUnits, const std::string& _tokenSymbol)        {            Address sender = platon_caller();            balances.self()[sender] = _initialAmount;       // Give the creator all initial tokens.            totalSupply.self() = _initialAmount;            // Update total supply.            name.self() = _tokenName;                       // Set the name for display purposes            decimals.self() = _decimalUnits;                // Amount of decimals for display purposes            symbol.self() = _tokenSymbol;                   // Set the symbol for display purposes.        }
        CONST std::string getName(){            return name.self();        }
        CONST uint8_t getDecimals(){            return decimals.self();        }
        CONST std::string getSymbol(){            return symbol.self();        }
        CONST uint64_t getTotalSupply(){            return totalSupply.self();        }
        // Approves and then calls the receiving contract.        ACTION bool approveAndCall(Address _spender, uint64_t _value, const bytes& _extraData) {            Address sender = platon_caller();            allowed.self()[sender][_spender] = _value;            PLATON_EMIT_EVENT2(Approval, sender, _spender, _value);            // call the receiveApproval function on the contract you want to be notified. This            // crafts the function signature manually so one doesn't have to include a contract            // in here just for this.            // define: receiveApproval(Address _from, uint64_t _value, Address _tokenContract, bytes& _extraDaa)            // it is assumed that when does this that the call should succeed.            return true;        }};
PLATON_DISPATCH(LATToken,(init)(balanceOf)(transfer)(transferFrom)(approve)(allowance)(getName)(getDecimals)(getSymbol)(getTotalSupply)(approveAndCall))

字节码

查看字节码

字节大小： 36764 byte => 35.9 kb

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创建&部署合约成本

Alaya-EVM

• Gas 消耗: 552823
• Gas 单价: 5,000,000,000 (5 gVON)
• 总成本: 2764115 gVON（0.002764115 ATP）

以太坊

• Gas 消耗: 1282171
• Gas 单价: 5,000,000,000 (5 Gwei)
• 总成本: 6410855 Gwei（0.006410855 ETH）

Alaya-WASM

• Gas 消耗: 486274
• Gas 单价: 5,000,000,000 (5 gVON)
• 总成本: 2431370 gVON（0.00243137 ATP）

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